These are considered natural or normal phonological processes. What are Atypical Phonological Processes?Īs I mentioned before, all children use some phonological processes in their speech. Here are some ages for when common phonological processes should stop being used: However, some children require speech therapy to learn not to use them. Most children stop using these processes without any teaching or coaching. When children do not grow out of using phonological processes or are using them longer than is expected, they are considered to be a problem. We expect children to use certain phonological processes at certain ages. Assimilation (changing consonants in a word to be more like other consonants in the word, like gog for dog).Stopping (replacing long sounds like /s/ with short sounds like /t/).Velar Fronting (/t/ for /k/ and /d/ for /g/).Weak Syllable Deletion (nana for banana).Here are some example of typical phonological processes: This a very normal part of learning to speak. If a child speaks with a lot of different phonological processes, or if they are very hard to understand, The Cycles Approach to Phonology is a great therapy method that will provide some structure to your sessions.Īll children use some phonological processes when they are younger. His brain is doing it for him and he is probably not even aware that he’s doing it. He is not choosing to drop all consonants off the ends of words or change sounds around. Keep in mind that these rules are out of the control of the child. This is why it’s common for young children to say “titty tat” instead of “kitty cat”. Many children simply this by creating a rule (phonological process) that says “If a sound is produced in the back of the mouth, I will change it to be produced in the front of the mouth (where it’s easier).” Therefore, /k/ becomes /t/ and /g/ becomes /d/. These rules are called phonological processes.įor example, sounds produced in the back of the mouth (like /k/ and /g/) are difficult for young children to say. To overcome this, the child’s brain creates rules to simplify speech sounds and make words easier to say. Speaking with all of the sounds of an adult is too overwhelming to a young child’s brain. Children don’t sound like adults when they speak. When a child is young, he hears the speech sounds of the language used around him, but he can’t yet produce all of them. Phonological processes are patterns of sound replacements that children use to simplify their speech.
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